Inlämnings uppgift i Engelska i åk 9
The second world war 1939 - 1941
HITLER OBTAIN THE POWER
After the peace in Versailles 1919, Hitler joined DAP, "Die Deutsche Arbeiter Partei". In 1920 they changed name to NSDAP, National Sozialistische Deutche Arbeiter Partei. Even at this time Hitler had planes to make Germany to a great power and he hated
the communists and the jews.
During the twentieth century the unemployment groved in Germany. They had to pay a great wardamaged. In 1932 the Nazist party got 13.7 million votes and became the greatest party of Germany. In the re-election, a half year later, the Nazist party loosed
about 2 million votes. 1933 Hitler became head of the state and a new election was hold where Hitler could control the propaganda. In this election they got 43.9%. With help from other parties they forbade the communist party. The Nazist party now had more
than 2/3 of the parliament. Germany became a dictatorship.
Then they forbade party after party and all national trade unions. Only one youth-party was allowed, the Hitler-jugend. The jews had no longer citizenship in Germany and they had to carry a Davidstar.
HITLER BROKES PROMISES
Hitlers first move in the second worldwar was to move armies into the Rhenarea. That place should be free from military forces. The next step was to occupy Austria, which they did without war. But Hitler wasn´t pleased. In 1938 Hitler demanded the
Sudetarea, where most of the population are German, from Czechoslovakia. Next year Germany occupied the whole Czechoslovakia.
The 21st of Mars 1939, Germany demanded parts of Poland. The 23th of August Gemany formed a nonattack pack with the Sovjetunion. The settlement included that Germany should take Poland and the Sovjetunion should take Finland and the baltic states.
THE WAR ABOUT POLAND
The 1st of September the first military action came. 3200 tanks moved into Poland. They were reliefed by Ju-87 Junker planes that bombed Poland´s tankbrigades. The Ju-87 planes were protected by Messerschmitt Bf-110 planes. Poland´s air strength were the
polish PZL P-11 and P-7 planes. They were easy handled and fighted good. But the Polish tank divions had no chances against Germany´s. Poland had 600 tanks.
The fast attacks Germany did were very successful. Poland hadn´t mobilize when Germay attacked. At the same time Sovjetunion attacked from east. Poland loosed. The 28th of September Poland was shared by Sovjetunion and Germany.
WAR IN FINLAND
The 14th of Oktober Sovjetunion demanded parts of Finland, parts of the Karelska isthmus, and wanted to hire a navy base on Hangö. Finland should get parts of North Karelen instead. Finland didn´t accept the demands and the 30th of November Sovjetunion
attacked. They terror bombed Helsingfors and other big cities. The troups included 19 infantery divisions, 5 tankbrigades, 800 planes and 300 000 Sovjet´s soldiers. Finland had about 120 000 soldiers but only 100 planes. They had two advantages: the terrain
and the very cold winter. They were good forest soldiers and they could return easier to the base than the russians. Sovjetunion losed about 27 000 men and Finland 2 700 men. The 12th of Mars 1940, Finland had to leave the land that Sovjetunion demanded.
NORTH OF EUROPE
The 9th of April 1940 Germany occupied Denmark without conflicts. They began a invasion of Norway too. The Garmanies landed paracute troops to make the war quick. But the fast attack failed and it took over two monthes. The intension was to have a safe
rock transport from Sweden. That transport was through Norway and the seaway to Denmark. Norway´s coust was also good for submarine attackes against Great Britain.
Germany didn´t occupy Sweden, but they extorted them. The German troups and armament were transported through Sweden.
GREAT BRITAIN
Chamberlain had to leave the president post in Britain. The criticism against him groved. Winston Churchill compensated Chamberlain and made a new goverment. His first words to the Englishmen were: "I have nothing else to offer you, than blood, sweat and
tears."
TARGET: FRANCE
As in the first world war, Germany took the way through the Benelux countries into France. The 10th of May 1940 Germay attacked the Netherlands. The first step was to destroy the Netherlands air defence. They also landed parachute troups near the capital.
Hard battles arised and Germany got problems. The Netherlands retired when Germany began the terrorbombing of Rotterdam and Haag the 14th of May.
Grebbeline was the most important defence line. Grebbeline was behind the boundary between the Netherlands and Belgium. It never became ready and it fell very easy.
France understood that they should lose. But they got a secret message about Germany´s battle plan and they changed their strategy immediatly. The Germany attack was successful because of the air actions. The French and Brittish armies became surrended at
Dukerque and escaped over the channel into Britain. The escape took 7 days, from the 26th of May to the 4th of June.
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
The 10th of July 1940, the battle of Britain started. It went on all the summer and autumn with big air battles. The 7th of September the terror bombing began against London. It went on in 57 days. But the brittish could fight it back and there never was
an invasion of Great Britain
NORTH AFRICA
During 1941 Mussolini, the Italy´s dictator, tried to invade areas around the Mediterranean sea. He started in Libya and moved east. In the end they losed and Hitler dicided to help him. He sent two German divions to North Africa. They came to the
Egyptian city, El-Alamein, but there Britain won a great tank battle. Here the war turned around in south.
THE SECOND TURN
When Hitler couldn´t invade Great Britain he decided to attack Sovjetunion. He took Hungary, Bulgaria and Rumania before Jugoslavia and Greece were occupied.
The 22nd of June 1941 the Germany armies moved over the frontiers into Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad. Longer they nerver reached. The winter came and they were far from home and couldn´t get food or warm clothes. Hitler gave them order not to retire.
The Sovjetunion did a back attack and Germany lost. Now the war turned around in east too.
Later USA came from west and pressed Germany back.
av Martin Jacobsson i klass 9
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